National Geographic, BBC, Discovery, IMAX Documentaries Compilation 4

National Geographic, BBC, Discovery, IMAX
Documentary Compilation 4
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*Discovery Channel - Ancient Chinese Inventions
*History Channel : A Global Warning?
*History Channel - The Universe [Complete]
*BBC - Mortgaged to the Yanks
*BBC - Wildlife Special : Elephants - Spy In The Herd
*BBC : Michael Palin - Great Railway Journeys
*BBC - Pompeii: The Last Day
*BBC - Eye for an Elephant
*BBC - The Last Lions of India
*FIRE AND ICE: The Winter War of Finland and Russia
*IMAX : Fighter Pilot - Operation Red Flag
*An Inconvenient Truth (2006)
*BBC : The Other Side of Suez (2006)
*BBC : The Lost Gospe’s
*BBC : On the Trail of Tarka
*BBC : Lost Crocodiles of the Pharaohs
*BBC : Conquistadors with Michael Wood
*BBC - The Immortal Emperor
*Discovery Channel - The Secret Plot to Kill Hitler
*BBC Horizon - Noah´s Flood (1996)
*BBC Horizon Special - First Olympian (2004)
*BBC Horizon - Earthquake Storms (2003)
*BBC Horizon - The Lost Pyramids Of Caral [2002]
*BBC Horizon - The Man Who Lost His Body [1998]
*BBC - Galapagos

You can also visit my Documentary Compilation 1

You can also visit my Documentary Compilation 2

You can also visit my Documentary Compilation 3


Discovery Channel - Ancient Chinese Inventions
English | Xvid | 512×320 | MP3 | 109kbps | ~350MB

A documentary which challenges the assumption that there is something essentially Western about science and technology.

The World is forever in debt to China for its innovations. Ancient China was extreme advanced, and many of it’s discoveries are still in use today. This is what Robert Temple, the author of ‘The Genius of China - 3000 years of science, discovery, and invention’. The book is based on 11 main parts of Chinese innovation. Within these 11 categories, there are 3 main parts that contain the most significant inventions. Robert Temple concentrates the bulk of his examples in these three categories, agriculture, domestic and industrial technology, and engineering. Temple’s examples were not limited to these fields of innovation. The Chinese excelled in many other areas, including mathematics, warfare, and transportation, to name a few. Although Temple wrote about eleven fields of invention, I feel that these three sections contain the greatest examples of Chinese innovation, and the debt that the modern world owes China. The first main area is the field of engineering. Within this chapter, the development of iron and steel is the greatest achievement. The development of iron and steel led to other advances. By at least the 4th century the Chinese have developed blast furnaces to obtain cast iron from iron ore. This was 1200 years before the first blast furnace showed up in Europe. The reasons that the author gave to explain the reasons why the Chinese developed this technology are simple. The Chinese had access to large amounts of clay, the key ingredient in making blast furnaces. The Chinese also figured out that by adding a substance they called ”Black Earth,” they could lower the melting point of iron.

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History Channel : A Global Warning?
English | Xvid | 608 x 336| MP3 | 132kbps | ~700MB

Arctic ice is melting sea levels are rising and glaciers are shrinking at alarming rates. And the Earth is getting unmistakably warmer. But is this vast potentially catastrophic climate change the result of human behavior? Or is it simply the Earth s natural cycle of warming and cooling periods that have occurred since the planet formed? THE HISTORY CHANNEL offers an in-depth study of the science behind this controversial hot-button issue.Scientists explore the skies to examine the warming effects of the sun and dig deep into the Earth to study continental movement and the volatile activity at the planet s core. Experts speculate on how natural events including volcanic eruptions and massive meteor impacts have affected temperatures and weather systems over the planet s 600-million-year history.Shot on location at some of the most breath-taking locations on the planet and filled with dynamic special effects A GLOBAL WARNING? is a captivating look at the Earth s climatic evolution and a study of the longevity of our planet–and man s future on it.

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History Channel - The Universe
English | XviD | 624×352 | 25FPS | MP3 | 128Kbps | File ~347MB

Episode 1: Alien Planets

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Episode 2: Cosmic Holes

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Episode 3: Mysteries of the Moon

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Episode 4: The Milky Way

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Episode 5: Alien Moons

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Episode 6: Dark Matter

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Episode 7: Astrobiology

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Episode 8: Space Travel

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Episode 9: Supernovas

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Episode 10: Constellations

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Episode 11: Unexplained Mysteries

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Episode 12: Cosmic Collisions

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Episode 13: Colonizing Space

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Episode 14: Nebulas

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Episode 15: Wildest Weather in the Cosmos

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Episode 16: Biggest Things in the Universe

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Episode 17: Gravity

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Episode 18: The End of the Universe

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BBC - Mortgaged to the Yanks
English | XviD | 688 x 384 | MP3 | 192kbps | 745MB

Sir Christopher Meyer, former ambassador to Washington, tells the story of how Britain came to be mortgaged to the Americans during World War 2, a debt only paid off at the end of 2006.

At midnight on 31st December 2006, Britain finally paid off the last tranche of its multi-billion dollar debt to the Americans from the end of World War 2. Sir Christopher Meyer, controversial former ambassador to Washington during the Bush and Blair era and author of explosive memoirs DC Confidential, tells the dramatic story of how the country came to be mortgaged to the Americans, and reveals what this cautionary tale really tells us about our so-called special relationship.

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BBC : Michael Palin - Great Railway Journeys
English | Divx | 688×512 | AC3 | 192kbps | Part~701MB

1. Confessions of a Train Spotter (1980)
Michael Palin’s first televised travel adventure was screened as part of the BBC series Great Railway Journeys. ‘Confessions of a Train Spotter’ saw him travel the length of Britain by train. Setting off from Euston he includes diversions to lines beyond the inter-city network; a trip on the Flying Scotsman; visits to York’s railway museum and Edindurgh at Festival time. He crosses the breathtaking Forth Railway Bridge, and after travelling over 785 miles reaches the Kyle of Lochalsh.

2. Derry to Kerry (1994)
Palin’s second Great Railway Journey takes him from the ancient walled city of Londonderry to the most western tip of Ireland. He travels his ‘family line’ as he attempts to trace his great grandmother who left Ireland for the USA over 150 years ago. His trip through a still war-torn Northern Ireland takes him on to Belfast before heading south to Dublin, the capital of the Irish Republic, and on to Wexford, Waterford, the little village of Buttevant and finally Kerry’s Dingle Bay, the most western point of Ireland.

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BBC - Pompeii: The Last Day
English | Xvid | 704×384 | AC3 | 224kbps | ~700MB

On August 24 AD 79, the ancient city of Pompeii was transformed from a thriving community to a wasteland in little more than a day when the massive volcano Mount Vesuvius erupted, raining billions of tons of lava, stone, and ash, forming a hermetic seal around the cities. What the excavations have revealed has amazed the world. The seal of wet ash preserved many public structures, temples, theatres, baths, shops and private dwellings. Pompeii: The Last Day is a docudrama which though state-of-the-art special effects recreates the destruction of Pompeii while depicting the human drama as the people of the city must either flee their homes or face certain death.

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BBC - Eye for an Elephant
English | Xvid | 672 x 368 | MP3 | 192kbps | 744.25MB

Martyn Colbeck has spent 15 years scouring Africa for extraordinary images of the elephant. He has had to learn to read their minds and anticipate their every move. He has witnessed incredible behaviour: small secretive elephants deep in the Congo jungle, Echo the family matriarch giving birth at night, two huge bull elephants clashing heads in a deadly duel and mystical desert elephants gliding over the sandy dunes of Namibia.

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BBC - The Last Lions of India
English | Xvid | 640 x 352 | MP3 | 192kbps | 745.96 MB

Documentary about Asiatic lions, which are completely different from African lions in both appearance and behaviour but are thriving in India. Their refuge is the Gir forest in Gujarat, and in the last 100 years their numbers have grown from 20 to over 300. They are now spreading out beyond the protection of the National Park, reclaiming lost territory and colonising new habitats. It’s a rare conservation success story but one that brings new challenges to lions, naturalists and forestry staff.

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FIRE AND ICE: The Winter War of Finland and Russia
English | X264 | 1280×720 | AC3 | 384kbps | ~1GB

In November 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland. The Winter
War was an epic life and death struggle that changed the course
of WWII, and saved a democracy. How did the Finns fight back

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IMAX : Fighter Pilot - Operation Red Flag
English | Divx6 | 1280×720 | AC3 | 384kbps | ~1GB

Captain John ‘Otter’ Stratton is a young American fighter pilot who flies the F-15 Eagle, arguably the most potent and successful fighter plane ever built. He was eight years old when he decided to become a pilot. It wasn’t a tough decision — his grandfather was awarded three Distinguished Flying Crosses and 11 air medals as a fighter pilot in the Second World War. As far as John was concerned, his grandfather had won the war all by himself in his beautiful blue Corsair. His grandfather was a hero and he intended to follow in his footsteps.

At Red Flag, the international training exercise for the air forces of allied countries, hundreds of pilots meet for the most challenging flying of their careers. Red Flag is the final tune-up training for pilots and their crews before being sent into actual combat. The object is to make the exercises as real and challenging as possible — to take the pilots, ground crews, mechanics, rescue personnel, etc., to the limits of what they can handle.

We follow our young pilot as he makes his way through this extraordinary event held in the desert of Nevada. He is amazed at how complex, confusing and dangerous the exercises are.

He also begins to notice team members who were absent from his childhood vision of heroism. There are people who work all night rebuilding engines and re-installing them into his aircraft so he can keep flying and training. There are people who rise at four-thirty each morning to scour the runways for tiny pebbles that can get sucked into engines and kill pilots. There are people who practice rushing into a flaming mockup of a crashed aircraft so if there is a real accident they will be ready to save the pilot. In the flying exercises, John realizes there are other pilots who aren’t just out to prove themselves — they are helping him — watching his back, taking personal risks to cover his mistakes. And he is doing the same for them.

He begins to think that being a hero is not quite as simple as he once believed. Captain John Stratton has gone on from Red Flag to serve three combat tours over Afghanistan and Iraq. Although he has seen much sacrifice and courage from other fighter pilots during his years in the Air Force, the extraordinary people he remembers are not just the pilots, but the whole team supporting from the ground as well as the entire USAF Air and Space Force.

Now, as Stratton reflects from the cockpit of his F-15, squinting out into the evening light across the vast blue sky, his wingman aboard an F-15 Eagle vanishes for a moment, and in his imagination another aircraft flies beside him. It is a beautiful blue Corsair, a glowing phantom from another age.

Fighter Pilot is directed by Stephen Low (VOLCANOES OF THE DEEP SEA and SUPER SPEEDWAY) Produced by Stephen Low and Pietro Serapiglia. Executive Produced by K2 Communications (ADVENTURES IN WILD CALIFORNIA).

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An Inconvenient Truth (2006)
XviD | 544×304 | Bitrate: 810kbit/s | Runtime: 100min | 700MB

Humanity is sitting on a time bomb. If the vast majority of the world’s scientists are right, we have just ten years to avert a major catastrophe that could send our entire planet into a tail-spin of epic destruction involving extreme weather, floods, droughts, epidemics and killer heat waves beyond anything we have ever experienced. A catastrophe we have helped create. If that sounds like a recipe for serious gloom and doom — think again. From director Davis Guggenheim comes the Sundance Film Festival hit, AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH, which offers a passionate and inspirational look at one man’s commitment to expose the myths and misconceptions that surround global warming. That man is former Vice President Al Gore, who, in the wake of defeat in the 2000 election, re-set the course of his life to focus on an all-out effort to help save the planet from irrevocable change. In this eye-opening and poignant portrait of Gore and his “traveling global warming show,” Gore is funny, engaging, open and downright on fire about getting the surprisingly stirring truth about what he calls our “planetary emergency” out to ordinary citizens before it’s too late. With 2005, the worst storm season ever experienced in America just behind us, it seems we have reached a tipping point – and Gore pulls no punches in explaining the dire situation. Interspersed with the bracing facts and future predictions is the story of Gore’s personal journey: from an idealistic college student who first saw a massive environmental crisis looming; to a young Senator facing a harrowing family tragedy that altered his perspective; to the man who almost became President but instead returned to the most impassioned cause of his entire life – believing there is still time to make a difference. With wit, smarts and hope, AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH ultimately brings home Gore’s persuasive argument that we can no longer afford to view global warming as a political issue – rather, it is simply one of the biggest moral challenges facing every person in our times.

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BBC : The Other Side of Suez (2006)
English | Xvid | 688 x 384 | MP3 | 192kbps | 743.89MB

A look at how Britain embarked on an unpopular war against an Arab nation, which critics claimed was based on a lie, and which brought disgrace to the Prime Minister of the day. Sounds familiar? This documentary examines the events of Suez 1956 through interviews with many of the Egyptian politicians, solidiers and civilians who were involved - some speaking on British television for the first time.

From dodgy intelligence dossiers to unexpected resistance from local people; from outraged public opinion to the collapse of a once popular prime minister’s reputation, The Other Side of Suez is a timely reminder to politicians about the dangers of failing to learn the lessons of history.

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BBC : The Lost Gospels
English | Xvid | 704 x 384 | MP3 | 192kbps | 1.45GB

The Lost Gospels, presented by Anglican priest Pete Owen Jones, is a fascinating exploration into the huge number of ancient Christian texts that didn’t make it into the New Testament. Shocking and challenging, these were works in that presented a Jesus who didn’t die, who took revenge on his enemies and who kissed Mary Magdalene on the mouth. This Jesus is unrecognisable from that found in the traditional books of the New Testament.

Pete travels through Egypt and the former Roman Empire looking at the emerging evidence of a Christian world that’s very different from the one we know. He discovers that in addition to the gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke and John, there were over 70 gospels, acts, letters and apocalypses circulating in the early Church.

Through these lost Gospels, Owen Jones reconstructs the intense intellectual and political struggles for orthodoxy that were fought in the early centuries of Christianity, a battle involving different Christian sects, each convinced that their gospels were true and sacred.

The worldwide success of Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code has sparked new interest, as well as wild and misguided speculation, about the origins of the Christian faith. Pete Owen Jones sets out the context in which heretical texts like the Gospel of Mary emerged. He also strikes a cautionary note: if these lost Gospels had been allowed to flourish, Christianity may well have faced an uncertain future, or perhaps not survived at all.

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BBC : On the Trail of Tarka
English | Xvid | 672 x 368 | MP3 | 192kbps | 744.70MB

Over months of patient fieldwork, award winning filmmakers Charlie Hamilton-James and Philippa Forrester get to know a family of wild otters.

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BBC : Lost Crocodiles of the Pharaohs
English | DivX | 688×512 (1.34:1) | MP3 | 128kbps | 700MB

Student Tara Shine told yesterday how she became a real-life Indiana Jones when she went hunting a”lost” colony of Crocodiles, thought to have died out when the pharaohs disappeared. The intrepid 28-year-old tracked down the elusive reptiles in the remote African country of Mauritania, where experts said they could not exist.

Previously unknown exept by local tribespeople, the creatures live in burrows and caves throughout the dry season and periods of drought. Natives had been protecting the crocodiles for centuries, as supertition says their extinction would lead to already scarce water supplies completely dry up.

PhD student Tara built her own “tank-cam” to find out where the crocs survive the desert drought and brought back remarkable images of the reptiles living in the middle of a desert. Now, her two-and-a-half year mission will be told in this “Lost Crocodiles of the Pharaohs”.

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BBC : Conquistadors with Michael Wood
English | Xvid | 704 x 384| AC3 | 192kbps | ~744MB

The Spanish conquest of the Americas in the sixteenth century was one of the most cataclysmic events in history. Spanish expeditions had to endure the most unbelievable hardships to open up the lands of the New World. Few stories, if any, in history match these for sheer drama, endurance and distance covered. In conquistadors Michael Woods travels in the footsteps of some of the greatest of the Spanish adventures, from Amazonia to Lake Titicaca, and from the desserts of North Mexico to the heights of Macchu Picchu.

Episode 1: The Fall of the Aztecs

Hernan Cortes left Cuba in 1519 seeking riches in the island to the west. Instead he discovered, and ultimately destroyed, a hitherto unknown civilization. Join Micheal Wood as he retraces this fateful expedition. Read Spanish eyewitness accounts that describe the conquistadors’ awe at the Aztec achievements and the lust for native treasure. Learn the Aztec’ side of the story by scrolling trough pictographs that tell of the agonizing fall of the empire.

Episode 2: The Conquest of the Incas

Fancisco Pizarro hoped to find great riches in the land of the Inca when he set off on his third voyage to the new world in 1527. Travel back in time with Michael Wood and learn how Pizarro ransomed the life of a king for a room full of gold and silver. Trough letter and drawings from the 16th century and film from modern-day south America, discover this remarkable story of greed, faith, dishonor and valor.

Episode 3: The Search for El Dorado

Francisco de Orellana failed to find El Dorado, but discovered the amazon. Early in 1541, a rumor swept Quito that beyond the mountains, there lay a land richer than Mexico, or even Peru - a land of gold. The ruler of this land was so rich that he covered himself with gold dust every day and washed it off every evening. He was “the golden man”, El Dorado. They had tree goals: to find La Canela, the land of cinnamon: to assess new lands for colonization; and to find El Dorado. On march 1541, They marched eastwards with more that 200 Spanish troops and thousands of native servants.

Episode 4: All World is Human

Cabeza de Vaca was shipwrecked off the coast of Texas in 1528 and lived with Indians for eight years. Upon his return to Spain, he wrote a book based on his experiences. His tale is one of empathy and respect for the Indians. Follow along as Michael Wood traces his journey.

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BBC - The Immortal Emperor
English | Divx | 688×512| MP3 | 128kbps | 700MB

Recently discovered in 1974 by Chinese peasants who were drilling a well, the tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi proved to be one of the greatest archaeological finds in both historical importance and in sheer physical bulk. Archaeologists were uncertain when the excavations began of the great magnitude of this site. The although the tomb itself is, according to legend, very elaborate and beautiful, the center piece of Shi Huangdi’s mausoleum is the terra-cotta army of approximately 8,000 life-sized men and horses.

Individually sculpted of 3 inch thick terra-cotta clay, each soldier and horse is unique, each with its own style of dress (the mineral paints used to cover the figures in bright, gay colors have since dissolved), weaponry, and facial expressions. Grouped into a specific military formation with crouching crossbowmen and bowmen at the point, archers at the flanks, large groups of infantry, chariots and cavalry, and a final guard of heavily armored infantry pulling up the rear, all are arranged according to the proper military procedures of the day.

All 8,000 troops are housed in three separate chambers for each section of the army: active duty troops in the largest chamber, reserves in another smaller chamber, and a small group of 68 commanders and elite officers in the third. The army faces the east guarding Shi Huangdi’s tomb from the enemies he vanquished who supposedly came from that direction. The three chambers are themselves part of a much larger burial complex located approximately 3/4 mile from Qin Shi Huangdi’s pyramidal, still unexcavated, tomb.

The complex is designed much as a city: with protecting walls, a palace, and even a cemetery, to be Shi Huangdi’s capital during his adventures through the afterlife. Built mainly underground, carved out of low mountain top (according to legend), the construction itself took 700,000 prisoners of war and slaves over 36 years to construct and covers approximately four square miles. The as-yet-unearthed palace is reputedly of legendary grandeur.

Much like Egyptian pharaohs, Shi Huangdi’s tomb provided for all his needs and replicated his style of life on earth, complete with many amenities: various precious stones and ( كلمة ممنوعة بوساطة الادارة )( كلمة ممنوعة بوساطة الادارة )( كلمة ممنوعة بوساطة الادارة )( كلمة ممنوعة بوساطة الادارة )ls; objects d’art; a small, scaled model of his capital city, Chang`an; a small river system in which mercury was mechanically circulated, showing the Yangtze, Yellow and all other major rivers of China; and a planetarium with constellations made of pearls.The burial chamber was dug out of an aquifer which required all of the interior surface to be waterproofed with a thin layer of bronze.

When the first terra-cotta soldiers were found in 1974, the first archaeologist dispatched to the scene was Yuan Zhongyi, now leader of the excavations and director of the on-site museum. He originally thought his work would take about one week. He was shocked when he later found the largest chamber of the army, with nearly 6,400 men, horses, and chariots. Unearthing the first chamber took three years. The second and third chambers were found soon after digging in the first concluded.

When the Chinese made the first announcements about the statues in 1974, many archaeologists, intellectuals and especially tourists wanted to visit the site. The Chinese were surprisingly open about visitation (although they do all the digging) and even lead tours to watch the actual excavation as it takes place. Originally covered with a shabbily constructed tin roof, but soon after, the Chinese enclosed the entire area in a reinforced steel building which can only be described as an airplane hanger, completely sealed off from the elements. They also built adjacent to the site a museum, housing many of the valuables recovered from around all of the tomb site and welcoming over two million visitors each year. You can still tour the dig site and the fully excavated first chamber, if you wish.

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Discovery Channel - The Secret Plot to Kill Hitler
XviD | English | 640×352 25.00fps | 90min | MP3 | 133Kbps | 100 x 14 Parts | RS.com

0n July 20th 1944, a select group of senior German officers made a daring attempt to assassinate their leader, Adolf Hitler.Paranoid and dependent on drugs, Hitler had lost touch with strategic reality.The war was lost - but the Fuhrer refused to admit it and some of his commanders saw no other option than to kill him. For a brief moment, the outcome of the war depended entirely upon just one man, Colonel Count Claus von Stauffenberg, meeting Hitler with a briefcase full of reports - and 4lbs of high explosives. Virtual History uses a unique fusion of the most innovative computer animation techniques ever seen on TV screens and historical documents and expertise to recreate a moment in history which was never originally captured on film. The protagonists - Hitler, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin among them - are brought to life using physically similar actors and an astonishing new computerised face wrapping technique which gives them the real, fully animated faces of their characters.The effect is stunning. No moment in history has ever been recreated with such authenticity before.

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BBC Horizon - Noah´s Flood (1996)
English | DivX | 688×512 (1.34:1) | MP3 | 134kbps | 700MB

“It all began in 1971 as a game of speculation - a bit of light relief from the rigours of tectonic and oceanographic investigation in the Mediterranean basin.”

American oceanographer Bill Ryan was on the scientific team which showed that the Mediterranean had been a vast desert basin until, 5 million years ago, the world’s oceans rose and burst through the Straits of Gibraltar to create the Mediterranean Sea.

Walter Pitman was helping to found the new science of plate tectonics. Ryan and Pitman’s British associate John Dewey (now Professor of Earth Sciences at Oxford) put up an ingenious idea - could a similar cataclysmic flooding of a massive basin account for the Biblical Flood - a catastrophe of such enormity that it would remain in human memory down the ages? If so, where might it have taken place?

The idea never went away and 20 years later, in 1991, Ryan and Pitman began their search. This year they will announce their findings to the scientific world. Richard Curson Smith’s film takes Pitman and Ryan back to the Black Sea, where they now believe that the Flood occurred in 5,600 BC.

Filmed on location in Turkey, Bulgaria, Russia and the United States, HORIZON tells the story of the discovery through the eyes and experiences of the two scientists. Like Laurel and Hardy, they swing from disappointment to despair, to euphoria, as they pursue their dramatic idea, working with geological evidence from the Turkish navy, drilling into the bed of the Black Sea alongside a team of Russian scientists (who were tracking fall-out from Chernobyl), building in all the data available from experts in climate and tree-ring dating, and finally testing their findings on their colleagues in the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, and at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute.

Bill Ryan and Walter Pitman may have a romantic streak in their natures, but there’s nothing eccentric about their ideas. They are, says Professor Dewey, “Two of the finest American earth scientists working in the field”. They have gathered a hoard of evidence to demonstrate that the Black Sea had fallen 120 metres below the level of the worlds oceans as a result of a sudden freezing of Northern Europe and Asia which dramatically reduced the flow of the great rivers which fed it.

The Black Sea became a vast fresh-water lake. The Earth warmed, the oceans rose again and smashed through the Bosphorus Straits with the force of a hundred Niagara Falls, filling the Black Sea basin to its present level with the salt water of the oceans.

The implications are enormous. Who lived by the Black Sea before the deluge? What may it tell us about the spread of Neolithic farming, culture and technology into Europe and beyond? Did this extraordinary event become the stuff of ancient storytelling, so that Noah and his Ark became a symbol for real people who were driven from their lands by a real flood?

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BBC Horizon Special - First Olympian (2004)
English | DivX | 688×512 | MP3 | 128kbps | 698MB

Two and a half thousand years ago, sport was tough. Few athletes survived the rigours of the great sporting arenas of the Ancient Greeks and only one athlete has survived the ravages of time to offer a unique insight into a remarkable ancient world.

First Olympian tells the “Athlete of Taranto´s” fascinating story.Fifty years ago, a skeleton was found in Taranto in Southern Italy. On opening an ancient tomb,archaeologists found the skeleton with four richly decorated jars in each corner of the tomb, revealing that the owner had an obsession for sport.

Cutting edge forensic analysis reveals fascinating details about his diet, general health and appearance and which sports he excelled at. Lavish special effects and dramatic reconstruction then recreate the awesome sight of ancient Olympia and the games that would have drawn up to 40,000 spectators.

They were definitely more brutal than the Olympics of today - one wrestler ensured victory by breaking his opponents’ fingers - but were they more physically challenging? To discover the truth, modern athletes are put to the test in a series of events using equipment designed from the remains of ancient originals.

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BBC Horizon - Earthquake Storms (2003)
English | DivX | 688×512 (1.34:1) | MP3 | 136kbps | 700MB

Information

Earthquakes are among the most devastating natural disasters on the planet. In the last hundred years they have claimed the lives of over one million people. Earthquakes are destructive mainly because of their unpredictable nature. It is impossible to say accurately when a quake will strike but a new theory could help save lives by preparing cities long in advance for an earthquake.

“We knew that Izmit was dangerous”

Prof Geoffrey King, Institut de Physique du Globe

The surface of the Earth is made up of large ‘tectonic’ plates. These plates are in slow but constant motion. When two plates push against each other friction generates a great deal of energy. For this reason earthquakes occur most frequently on tectonic fault lines, where two plates meet. However these fault lines run for thousands of kilometres; predicting exactly where a quake will occur is nearly impossible.

Stress lines

In 1992, Dr Ross Stein was monitoring a large earthquake in a town in California called Landers. Three hours later, there was another quake 67km away at Great Bear. Stein believed that this was not simply an aftershock, instead he theorised the event at Landers had set off the earthquake at Big Bear. Stein believes that when an earthquake occurs the stress that has built up along the fault, is in part, transferred along the fault line. It is this energy transfer that causes other quakes to occur hours, days or months after the original.

Stein’s team began to look for connections between the quakes in Landers and Big Bear. They had already been working on a computer model that could help them study the relationship between earthquakes. The data collected during the Landers/Big Bear quake had enabled them to create a model that could predict where the stress from Landers would have been transferred. When they looked at the result the calculations did indeed show that the stress from Landers would have been transferred along the fault to Big Bear. They then plotted all of the subsequent ‘aftershocks’ and discovered that almost all occurred within a high-risk area they called a `red zone’. This did not prove the theory of earthquake storms though. In order to do that the quakes would have to be triggered months or even years after the original earthquake.

Scientists from around the world were attracted by this new theory and there was one part of the world where it seemed from the available evidence that the earthquake storm theory might hold true.

Tremor trail

Prof Geoffrey King was fascinated by the cyclic behaviour of the North Anatolian fault in northern Turkey. Earthquakes in the region moved from east to west with a period of quiet at the end before the cycle began again. King used the same model that had been used to show the connection between the quakes in Landers and Big Bear. The first earthquake King looked at was in the northern city of Erzican in 1939. Using the available data on that quake he found that a town to the west called Tokat was in the red, danger zone. Tokat was indeed struck by a quake in 1942. The model seemed to be working. In 1967 Adapazari, also in a red zone, was hit. It looked like stress generated in one earthquake was being transferred to the west. These could not be aftershocks as they were separated by years, not hours.

As King continued to put data into the model he discovered that a city called Izmit seemed to be the next place that would be struck. With a population of 500,000 people King and other scientists knew they needed to make this discovery public knowledge.

“Buildings can be improved. Construction can be modified”

Prof Geoffrey King

Newspapers, science journals and other publications all printed this remarkable news. Unfortunately there was not enough interest from the local community. In August 1999 King was tragically proved right when a massively energetic earthquake lasting just 45 seconds killed 25,000 people. It was a bittersweet feeling for King. On one hand he was proved right, on the other he knew that many people had lost their lives who could have been saved. King also knew that there was a high chance of more earthquakes. So using the data acquired from the Izmit quake he began to work out where the next most likely earthquake site would be.

The answer would cause a great deal of concern. At the edge of the red zone lay the city of Istanbul, home to more than four million people. The city’s high population density puts its inhabitants at maximum risk. There is good news though; if the warning from King’s team is heeded then arrangements can be made to make Istanbul safer in the event of an earthquake, whenever it happens. For now though, only time will tell if King’s prediction will prove correct.

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BBC Horizon - The Lost Pyramids Of Caral [2002]
English | Xvid | 704×400 | MP3 | 128kbps | ~700MB

The magnificent ancient city of pyramids at Caral in Peru hit the headlines in 2001. The site is a thousand years older than the earliest known civilisation in the Americas and, at 2,627 BC, is as old as the pyramids of Egypt. Many now believe it is the fabled missing link of archaeology - a ‘mother city’. If so, then these extraordinary findings could finally answer one of the great questions of archaeology: why did humans become civilized?

The mother of all cities

For over a century, archaeologists have been searching for what they call a mother city. Civilization began in only six areas of the world: Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Peru and Central America. In each of these regions people moved from small family units to build cities of thousands of people. They crossed the historic divide, one of the great moments in human history. Why? To find the answer archaeologists needed to find a mother city - the first stage of city-building.

Civilization through conflict

They couldn’t find one anywhere. Everywhere this first stage seemed destroyed or built over. And so, instead, scientists developed a number of theories. Some said it was because of the development of trade, others that it was irrigation. Some even today believe it was all because of aliens. Gradually an uneasy consensus emerged. The key force common to all civilizations was warfare.

The theory was that only the fear of war could motivate people to give up the simple life and form complex societies. To prove it, archaeologists still had to find a city from that very first stage of civilization. If it showed signs of warfare, then the theory had to be true.

When archaeologist Ruth Shady discovered her 5,000 year old city of pyramids in the Peruvian desert, all eyes were on the New World. Ruth\’s extraordinary city, known as Caral, is so much older than anything else in South America that it is a clear candidate to be the mother city. It also is in pristine condition. Nothing has been built on it at all. Instead laid out before the world is an elaborate complex of pyramids, temples, an amphitheatre and ordinary houses.

Make love not war

Crucially, there is not the faintest trace of warfare at Caral; no battlements, no weapons, no mutilated bodies. Instead, Ruth’s findings suggest it was a gentle society, built on commerce and pleasure. In one of the pyramids they uncovered beautiful flutes made from condor and pelican bones. They have also found evidence of a culture that took drugs and perhaps aphrodisiacs. Most stunning of all, they have found the remains of a baby, lovingly wrapped and buried with a precious necklace made of stone beads.

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BBC Horizon - The Man Who Lost His Body [1998]
English | DivX | 688×512 (1.34:1) | MP3 | 104kbps | 700MB

In 1971 Ian Waterman was a butcher on Jersey. He was nineteen, newly qualified and working flat out to make a go of the business. Then suddenly he went down with what seemed to be gastric flu. But it wasn’t. He became wobbly and weak. Within days he had collapsed and was in hospital, unable to move or feel his body.

He has never regained that feeling, yet against all the odds, he has made an apparently miraculous recovery. HORIZON tells Ian’s extraordinary story. Ian had contracted a disease of the nervous system so rare that the doctors on Jersey were unable to diagnose it. It had destroyed all the sensory nerves responsible for touch, and for conveying information about muscle and joint position, senses so fundamental to our capacity to move in the world that they have been called a sixth sense.

Without this “proprioception” we can have no inner sense of posture or limb position and cannot initiate or control movement. Ian was told that he would spend the rest of his life in a wheelchair. But Ian wasn’t paralysed, and he was determined that he was going to lead as normal a life as he could.

With the help of physiotherapists he discovered that he could regain control of his limbs through his eyes. So long as he could see the limbs he was moving, he could will his muscles into action and monitor their movements. Doggedly, he taught himself to stand and walk, to use cutlery and a pen, to pick up mugs of tea and to gesture convincingly while talking, but each movement required unfaltering conscious effort.

Ian has confounded the predictions of the specialists. He has found ways of performing tasks that should be impossible for him. In doing so he has become an expert not only on his own anatomy and nervous system, but also on the physics of movement and space.

Fourteen years ago Ian met Jonathan Cole, a neurologist with special interest in the way the brain controls movement. Jonathan recognised that for Ian to move and gesture in the way that he does, he must be controlling his motor nerves in a wholly unorthodox manner.

In this programme Jonathan and Ian embark on a journey to understand Ian’s nervous system, meeting fellow patients, neuro-anatomists, and linguists. The search culminates in a visit to the headquarters of NASA, where US astronauts train for missions into space. Ian experiences our world as if he were in space. He has no sensation of his own weight or the weight of objects in the world. He will accompany astronauts as they learn to move in a weight-free world. Perhaps in zero gravity he will find himself in his element.

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BBC - Galapagos
English | Xvid | 1280×720| AC3 | 384kbps | Part~2200MB

Tilda Swinton is the narrator for the series and Tom Hiddleston orates as Young Darwin in the new HD BBC flagship series, The Galapagos Islands.

The series reveals a visual feast of extraordinary and rare moments of natural history as they emerge on the Galapagos Islands.

01. Born of Fire

Natural-history series exploring the Galapagos Islands, which lie 1,000 kilometres off the coast of South America. This programme examines the fascinating stages of the islands’ lives and how a variety of creatures have found ways to survive, including marine iguanas, sea-going lizards and giant tortoises.

02. Islands that Changed the World

From flightless cormorants hunting underwater to giant tortoises courting on the rim of an active volcano, a look at the hidden side of Galapagos, revealing why it is such a fascinating showcase for evolution.

03. Forces of Change

Animals and plants in the Galapagos have evolved the most surprising ways to cope with the profound geological and climatic forces.

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